Kattappana
Block Panchayat

       History of the Block Panchayat – Socio-Cultural History: Mist-shrouded mountain ranges, valleys sprawling between them, lush and diverse vegetation, and cool breezes carrying the fragrance of cardamom—this is the first image that comes to mind when one speaks of the scenic landscape of Kattappana. The history of this land traces back to the tribal community that has inhabited the region for centuries. It is the homeland of the prominent 'Mannan' tribe, who continue to practice the ritual art form known as "Mannan Koothu" in all its authenticity. Kovil Mala serves as the headquarters of the Mannan tribal community, where the traditional structure of king, kingdom, ministers, and subjects remains intact to this day. This is one of the only two tribal communities in India that still retains a system of kingship. Ayyappankovil, home to temple ruins that are part of an ancient culture, serves as another landmark pointing to the region's ancient history.     The migration of modern settlers to this region began after the first quarter of the twentieth century. Although there are few major historical events of decisive influence associated with this area, the land has witnessed massive waves of protest against eviction. These protests played a decisive role in upholding the principle of social justice specifically, that even those lacking formal land titles must be provided with alternative land and rehabilitation assistance before being evicted for the implementation of projects. Notable examples include the Ayyappankovil eviction protest and numerous struggles waged by plantation workers for fair wages and justice. Upputhara, a village included in this block, served as the gateway to the High Range settlement region. Migration to the area began in the 1930s. In the early days of settlement, hundreds of farmers perished due to adverse weather conditions and deadly diseases such as malaria. Upputhara Thannimoodu was the main marketplace in the area at that time. Farmers migrated to this area under the "Grow More Food" scheme of the 1950s. During the same period, similar migration took place in areas such as Erattayar, Vandanmedu, and Chakkupallam, which are now part of the block.    Since the majority of the people depend on agriculture for their livelihood, the per capita income is very low and hence the standard of living is generally low. These hill villages have come a long way from the early schools, which were reminiscent of single-teacher schools. Numerous educational institutions—including LP, UP, and high schools, as well as ITIs, commercial institutes, and technical institutes—operate within the Block Panchayat. The processing and marketing of black pepper, cardamom, tea, and cocoa constitute the region's primary commercial activities. Key transportation routes passing through this block include the Kattappana-Kuttikkanam Road, Kattappana-Irattayar-Eettithoppu Road, Kattappana-Upputhara Road, and Upputhara-Valakkode Road.